Measuring and Evading Turkmenistan’s Internet Censorship: A Case Study in Large-Scale Measurements of a Low-Penetration Country

[ValdikSS]

@snourin

However, one question we frequently asked ourselves is whether our measurements from the outside→inside direction corroborates with measurements from the inside→outside direction.

While some filters may be applied to both inbound and outbound traffic (bi-directional), outbound traffic gets filtered much heavier (if it were bi-directional, most of the internet won’t be able to access websites hosted in Turkmenistan), and in addition there’s destination-related filters, like DNS check for Fastly destinations.