All iOS VPNs are worthless and Apple knows it, claims researcher

Censorship research & publications
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A detailed new report says that a long-time bug in iOS prevents any VPN from fully encrypting all traffic — and also claims that Apple has known about it and chosen to do nothing since discovery in 2020. The vulnerability was first discovered by VPN firm ProtonVPN in March 2020. At the time, the company said that when a VPN is switched on, the OS should terminate all internet connections and automatically re-establish them via the VPN to prevent unencrypted data leakage.

More details here

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Windows Vista seems to behave the same way. But not XP and 7.

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All Windows versions should behave as described, as far as I remember.
The author assumes that when gateway-redirection VPN is connected, all the traffic should only be forwarded via VPN. This is not the case basically on every OS.