I created an open encyclopedia to examine Internet censorship, which is currently only in Persian.
So far, it includes explanations:
about OONI Probes, how to use it, the meanings of the results and how mining in the results.
About DNS and censorship methods in them and how to examine them.
About Network and Transport Layers, examine with ping, traceroute and similar tools. And their strengths and weaknesses.
About Application Layer, examine HTTP and HTTPS and simple methods of censorship in these protocols and the existence of transparent-proxy in port 80. Also about recognizing the difference between network censorship and US sanctions imposed on sites
I am trying to complete the main topics and it will be translated into other languages soon.
Measuring censorship with OONI
DNS
Find the source of the DNS injection
Find the DNS caching system
Network and Transport Layers
Fingerprint blocking
Application Layer
Fingerprint blocking
Bandwidth throttling
Packet analysis
Random blocking
Global data analysis for Internet outages
Sanctions
Glossary
Translations
I would appreciate any kind of cooperation, criticism and suggestions.
What is your vision of how this encyclopedia will be used? Is it a guide for people who experience censorship, to help them get around it? Is it technical information for people who are not experiencing censorship but can help measure it or build tools?
I like the plan to include discussion of throttling and outages caused by sanctions.
What is your vision of how this encyclopedia will be used?
A fundamental problem is that in some countries, especially Iran, sometimes even experts do not know about censorship techniques. They do not know the difference between being blocked by an ISP or the infrastructure and being sanctioned by the websites themselves.
As a result, all their thoughts and efforts will be in the dark. They do not know who is responsible for the problem to protest against them or how to circumvent that censorship.
Therefore, if we can raise the level of collective awareness, we can both better and more documentedly fight extremists and build tools that are more effective in countering censorship. Also, removing one or more people by governments will not change anything in this struggle for freedom.
Is it a guide for people who experience censorship, to help them get around it? Is it technical information for people who are not experiencing censorship but can help measure it or build tools?
As I explained, both, and document censorship.
I like the plan to include discussion of throttling and outages caused by sanctions.
I do not think there was or will be an outage due to sanctions*. But I heard rumors that for some unknown reason, Iran does not peer with AWS. I don’t know if it is because of sanctions or some kind of throttling by the government.
However, if there is a case, I will look forward to it. (After documenting the censorship techniques that occur in Iran and the Iranian and international community is still unaware of it.)
[*] If you refer to NIAC reporters. They are known as supporters of the Islamic Republic in the United States. In a situation where the people are oppressed by the government, they turn all their attention to trivial issues. E.g., at a time when the Islamic Republic was massacring people after the complete Internet shutdown, they blamed the United States and sanctions. This led many who did not know NIAC to think that the United States had cut off the Internet, not the Islamic Republic. (Because of this, I have often heard this misconception from activists in this field)
Ah, no, I was referring to things like Google App Engine being unavailable to people in Iran. I know you are already aware of it, but as you say, many people are not aware. I was thinking of e.g.
Norton (popular antivirus software) and GraphicRiver (a site for graphic designers and illustrators) were found to be inaccessible from the local vantage points in Iran … these sites were found to be blocking all IP addresses originating from Iran, which is why they weren’t accessible in the country.
Virus Total, a site that enables its users to upload and scan files and URLs for malware, was also found to be inaccessible in Iran. But unlike Norton and GraphicRiver, this site was found to be blocked by Google. … we found that IP addresses originating from Iran were blocked by Google from accessing GAE, rendering virustotal.com inaccessible in the country.
Ah! Yes. I would like to address this issue as well. But first of all, I think that for an encyclopedia, I must first identify all the ways in which an inaccessibility can be proven to be the result of sanctions, not ISP censorship. And then create a way for people with less knowledge to have a simple way to examine it. As a result, it can be considered as knowledge, not just a report.
I forwarded the censoredplanet website error screenshot to the project.
a server in Germany that is now geolocated by Google as Iran
Do you know what causes the server to be geolocated in Iran? Is it the usual geolocation inaccuracy, or does Google assume it is in Iran because it accesses destinations typical of an Iranian user?
There was a time when a lot of Tor exits became geolocated to Ukraine, possibly because a Ukraine-specific browser had embedded Tor for circumvention.
Thanks, although this error was not unexpected given the circumstances.
Even Google does not know exactly. But they collect a lot of data and have their own database to geolocate users and IPs. (As I heard.)
There are many Android devices whose data is sent to Google. All our activities and the disconnection and reconnection of our VPNs are sent to Google servers or to servers that are directly monitored by Google. History of our use of Google Maps or our searches and our language, time zone, our personal characteristics and the people we interact with, the name of the mobile network, etc. alone can be enough for Google’s AI to decide and make changes to its database.
Unfortunately, there are no settings that tell Google not to track me in any way or to receive this particular data from a mobile phone. And of course, not all users can be warned to disable the available options in their account privacy settings.